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...... Soil and/or GroundWater Monitoring
and Contamination Evaluation
Increasing concern
for the protection of groundwater resources dictates
the need for effective monitoring programs. Such programs must recognize geologic
and hydrologic characteristics at each site. Identification,
evaluation, and management of groundwater contamination
includes hydrologic analysis of the groundwater flow
system, which permits identification
of alternatives for appropriate control, extraction,
and treatment techniques. Contaminant transport
modeling and capture-zone analysis are used to simulate
remediation options such as extraction well networks.
......Water Well Design, Construction, Operation, and Maintenance
All wells require
good engineering, operation, and maintenance. Particularly in a time of concern
for conservation of water and energy resources, application
of proper design and construction techniques is essential
to guarantee hydraulically efficient and sand-free
well structures. Proper operation within an
optimal design range of discharges is also essential
to efficient performance. Well maintenance,
whether routine or major rehabilitation, is both necessary
and more commonly accepted as an effective tool to
retain high performance and low operating cost, and
to defer or avoid capital replacements.
......Pump Equipment Design, Application, and Operation
To achieve optimal
efficiency and capacity, pumping equipment must be
designed and operated for the particular characteristics
of each individual application. Particularly in ground_water
installations, consideration of aquifer and well
performance characteristics, as well as those of
surface facilities, is essential in design. Mechanical
performance and prime mover design add to the components
contributing to efficient performance and associated
low operating and maintenance costs.
......Water Distribution System Analysis and Design
Planning distribution
system improvement for new or replacement mainlines
requires a thorough knowledge of demand and head
requirement or existing system performance. If
improperly sized, new or replacement mainlines can
be the source of continued costly operational problems
and can also result in excessive energy consumption. A
water distribution network analysis provides a tool
for planners, engineers and operational personnel to
use in making decisions on mainline size selection
and make appropriate plans for the capital investments
required for a new or replacement mainline. A
network analysis will also indicate areas that may
require special design considerations such as pressure
reducing valves or booster pump assemblies. To
ensure the analysis is correct, field testing must
follow to verify modeling parameters. Additionally,
a practical knowledge of the operation and maintenance
of water distribution systems is required to ensure
not only proper sizing of facilities, but the proper
selection of appropriate materials, installation procedures
and testing are made and will result in lower operational
and maintenance costs.
......Water Treatment Facilities
More
stringent Federal and State water quality and treatment
regulations require the installation of advanced
water treatment equipment for groundwater and surface
water supplies. When planning and designing
treatment systems, existing and proposed treatment
requirements should be considered. An important
part of the design phase includes evaluation of historic
water quality. Safety, accessibility, reliability,
simplicity, and efficiency in both operation and the
treatment process are also essential components of
the total facility design.
......Construction Administration
Experienced
construction administration provides for a successful
project by ensuring that the project is constructed
as intended by the designer, the performance parameters
of the specified equipment is adhered to and change
orders or cost overruns are eliminated or kept to
a minimum. Construction administration
begins prior to the bidding process by providing prospective
bidders with a comprehensive understanding of the scope
of the project. This results in better planning
for the use of the contractor's labor, material and
equipment needs and frequently results in more competitive
bids.
During the construction process, experienced construction
inspectors can assist with the early recognition of
construction problems which may require a change in
methodology or equipment and facilitate resolution
of contractual questions and concerns, especially with
projects that have multiple contractors requiring precise
coordination.
Construction administration can also include operational
assistance and training.
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